Helium Challenges in China's Quantum Computing Development

China has recently launched two cloud platforms, Zuchongzhi 2 and Quafu, aimed at providing the general public access to quantum computing capabilities. While China has made significant progress in superconducting quantum computers, including the fastest Zuchongzhi 2, the country faces challenges related to helium infrastructure. Helium is crucial for cooling quantum chips to extremely low temperatures. China lacks domestic production and completely relies on importing liquid-helium dilution refrigerators. Overcoming these helium-related challenges will be essential for China to advance its quantum industry and compete with international counterparts.

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